רÀûÃû³Æ£ºÊ¹ÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨¼°Æä¼ìÑ鹤¾ßµÄÖÆ×÷·½·¨
¼¼ÊõÁìÓò£º
±¾·¢Ã÷Éæ¼°Ê¹ÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨¼°Ê¹ÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐԵļìÑ鹤¾ß¡£
±³¾°¼¼Êõ£º
½üÄêÀ´£¬×Ô´ÓÌá³ö³ôÑõ²ãµÄÆÆ»µÎÊÌâÒÔÀ´£¬ÓÃ×÷ÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄHCFC±ã¿ªÊ¼Ïò×ÅÈ«²¿·Ï³ýµÄ·½ÏòÏ÷¼õ¡£½ñºó£¬Ëæ×ÅÊÀ½çÉϵÄHCFCÀàÖÂÀä¼Á(HCFC22µÈ)µÄ·Ö½×¶ÎÏ÷¼õµÄ½øÕ¹£¬ÓбØÒªÊ¹ÓôúÌæÉÏÊöÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄHFCÀàµÈ´úÓÃÖÂÀä¼Á¡£
ÔÚÕâÑùµÄ×´¿öÏ£¬°ÑÏÖÓеÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷(¿Õµ÷»úµÈ)¸ÄװΪʹÓôúÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷µÄÊÂÀý½«ÈÕÒæÔö¶à¡£
¿ÉÊÇ£¬ÔÚ°²×°ÔÚ¹«Ô¢ºÍ´óÏõȽ¨ÖþÎïÄڵĸ÷ÖÖÀàÐ͵Ŀյ÷»ú£¬ºÍ˽ÈËסլÖнøÐÐÖÐÑë¿Õµ÷µÄ¿Õµ÷»ú(¼ÒÓÿյ÷»ú)ÖУ¬Á¬½ÓÊÒÄÚ»úºÍÊÒÍâ»úµÄÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ»òÕßÂñÔÚǽ±ÚÀ»òÕß´©¹ý¶¥ÅïÄÚ²¿¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬ÎªÁ˰ÑÏÖÓеĿյ÷»ú²ðµô£¬°²×°ÐµĿյ÷»ú£¬ÐµĿյ÷»úÄÜ·ñÁôÓÃ(ÔÙÀûÓÃ)ÏÖÓеÄÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ¾Í³ÉÁ˰²×°·ÑÓ÷½ÃæµÄÖØ´óÒòËØ¡£ÒòΪ£¬Ìæ»»ÏÖÓйܵÀµÄ¹¤³ÌÊÇÒª»¨·ÑºÜ¶àʱ¼äºÍ·ÑÓõġ£´ËÍ⣬¼´Ê¹ÔÚÄܹ»ÁôÓõÄÇé¿öÏ£¬ÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´ÏÖÓеÄÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ³ÉΪÏ÷¼õ°²×°·ÑÓõÄÒ»¸öÒòËØ¡£
Ò»°ã˵À´£¬ÔÚÏÖÓеĹܵÀÖУ¬¶¼ÔڹܱÚÉϸ½×ÅÁ˲ÐÁôµÄº¬ÓÐÔÓÖʵÄÀä¶³»úÓÍ¡£Èç¹ûÕâÖÖ²ÐÁôµÄÓ͵ÄÎÛȾ¹ý¶à£¬²ÐÁôµÄÔÓÖÊ»áÈÜÈëÐÂʹÓõÄÖÂÀä¼ÁÖУ¬¶ÂÈû×÷ΪÅòÕÍ»ú¹¹µÄ¼õѹÆ÷(ÅòÕÍ·§ºÍëϸ¹Ü)£¬´æÔÚ×ÅʹµÃËü²»ÄÜÔËת£¬»òÕßʹµÃÀä¶³»úÓͱäÖʵĺܴóΣÏÕ¡£ÌرðÊÇ£¬¶ÔÓÚHFCÀàÖÂÀä¼ÁÀ´Ëµ£¬ËùʹÓõÄÀä¶³»úÓÍÊÇÒÒÃÑÓͺÍÖ¬Ó͵ȵĺϳÉÓÍ£¬ÒòΪËüµÄ¼«ÐÔºÜÇ¿£¬¾ßÓкÜÈÝÒ×ÈܽâÏÖÓйܵÀÖеIJÐÁôÔÓÖʵÄÐÔÄÜ¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚеĿյ÷»úÉÏʹÓÃHFCÀàÖÂÀä¼Áʱ£¬ÓÉÓÚÏÖÓеĹܵÀÖеIJÐÁôÔÓÖÊ£¬Ê¹µÃеĿյ÷»úµÄ¼õѹÆ÷·¢ÉúÔËת²»Õý³£µÄ¿ÉÄÜÐԺܴó¡£
Ϊ´Ë£¬ÔÚĿǰµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬µ±¾ö¶¨ÁôÓÃÒѾʹÓÃÁË10¡«20ÄêµÄÏÖÓйܵÀʱ£¬Òª½øÐÐÓÃÇåÏ´»úÇåÏ´¹ÜµÀÄÚ²¿µÄ×÷Òµ¡£
¿ÉÊÇ£¬ÇåÏ´ÏÖÓйܵÀµÄÇåÏ´»úµÄ¼Û¸ñÊǺܸߵ쬶øÇÒÇåÏ´ËùºÄ·ÑµÄ·ÑÓÃÒ²²»±ãÒË¡£
ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ÔÚÏÖÓйܵÀÖеÄÎÛȾ½ÏÉÙµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¾ÍûÓÐÇåÏ´µÄ±ØÒª¡£ÀûÓûØÊÕÖÂÀä¼ÁºÍÓ͵ķ½·¨£¬¾ÍÄܼõÉÙÏÖÓйܵÀÖеÄÎÛÎҲ´æÔÚ²»ÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄÇé¿ö¡£
È»¶ø£¬°Ñ´ÓÏÖÓйܵÀÖеIJÐÁôÎïÑùÆ·È¡»ØÀ´£¬µ½Ñо¿ËùÀï¼ìÑéÏÖÓйܵÀÖеÄÓͺÍÖÂÀä¼Á£¬ÕâÖÖ×÷ÒµµÄ·ÑÓôÓÀ´¶¼±ÈÇåÏ´×÷ÒµµÄ·ÑÓøü¸ß¡£ÓÉÓÚÕâÒ»ÊÂʵ£¬Ôڴ󲿷ÖÇé¿öÏ£¬Ä¿Ç°ÖÆÔì³§É̶¼ÎÞÌõ¼þµØÍƼöÓÃÇåÏ´»ú¶ÔÏÖÓеĹܵÀ½øÐÐÇåÏ´¡£
¶ÔÓÚÕâÖÖûÓбØÒªÇåÏ´µÄÇé¿ö£¬Ò»°ã¶¼Ï£ÍûÔ·â²»¶¯µØÔÙÀûÓÃÏÖÓеÄÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ(ÏÖÓеĹܵÀ)¡£
´ËÍ⣬¶ÔÓÚ²ðжÏÂÀ´µÄʹÓÃÏÖÓÐÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷£¬´Ó»·¾³±£»¤·½Ã濼ÂÇ£¬Ò²Ï£Íû¾¡¿ÉÄܵØÀûÓÃÄܹ»ÔÙÀûÓõĻúÆ÷¡£ÔÚÏÖÓеĻúÆ÷ÖУ¬ÈÔÈ»´æÔÚÇåÏ´ºó±ã¿ÉÒÔÔÙÀûÓõIJ¿·Ö£¬ÒÔ¼°Ö»Òª¸ü»»Ñ¹Ëõ»úµÈÒ»²¿·Ö²¿¼þ£¬¾ÍÄܹ»ÔÙÀûÓõIJ¿¼þ¡£
·¢Ã÷ÄÚÈÝ
±¾·¢Ã÷µÄÄ¿µÄÊÇÌṩһÖÖΪÁËÔÙÀûÓÃʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ£¬¶ÔʹÓÃÖÆÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐмòÒ×Åжϵķ½·¨¡£
ÈçȨÀûÒªÇó1ËùÊöµÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬ÊǶÔʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϵÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬°üÀ¨µÚÒ»²½Ö裬°Ñ²ÐÁôÔÚÉÏÊöʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÄÚ²¿µÄ²ÐÁôÎ︽×ÅÔÚ¼ìÑ鹤¾ßÉÏ£»µÚ¶þ²½Ö裬¸ù¾Ý¸½×ÅÁËÉÏÊö²ÐÁôÎïµÄ¼ìÑ鹤¾ßµÄÑÕÉ«£¬¶ÔÉÏÊöʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϡ£
±¾·¢Ã÷ÈËÊÕ¼¯ÁËÐí¶àÒª¸ü»»µÄ»òÒªÔÙÀûÓõÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÖеIJÐÁôÎïÑùÆ·£¬·¢ÏÖÁËÔÚÅжÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÊÇ·ñÓÐÔÙÀûÓõĿÉÄÜÐÔºÍÊÇ·ñÒªÇåϴʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾Ý²ÐÓÍÖ®ÀàµÄ²ÐÁôÎïµÄÑÕÉ«À´Åжϡ£
¶øÇÒ£¬±¾·¢Ã÷ÈËʹÓüìÑ鹤¾ß£¬Í¨¹ý°Ñ¸½×ÅÔÚÕâÖÖ¼ìÑ鹤¾ßÉϵÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÄÚ²ÐÁôÎïµÄÑÕÉ«£¬ÓëÑùÆ·Ö®ÀàµÄÑÕÉ«½øÐбȽϣ¬·¢ÏÖÄÜÒԺܸߵľ«¶È½øÐÐʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϡ£
¸ù¾ÝÕâÒ»¹Ûµã£¬ÔÚ±¾·¢Ã÷ÖУ¬¸ù¾Ý¸½×ÅÁËʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÖеIJÐÁôÎïµÄ¼ìÑ鹤¾ßµÄÑÕÉ«£¬¾ÍÄܶÔʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓõĿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϡ£ÕâÑù£¬Ê¹ÓüìÑ鹤¾ß£¬¾ÍÄܽèÖúÓÚÑÕÉ«£¬¼òµ¥·½±ãµØÅжÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÔÙÀûÓõĿÉÄÜÐÔ£¬±ÜÃâÁ˶ÔʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÄÚ²¿µÄÎÛȾ²¢²»ÑÏÖØ£¬²¢ÇÒ²»ÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄÇé¿ö½øÐÐͽÀ͵ÄÇåÏ´×÷Òµ£¬Ò²±ÜÃâÁ˶Լ´Ê¹ÇåÏ´ÁËÒ²²»ÄÜʹÓõÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÄÚ²¿£¬²»¹ÜÆäÊÇ·ñ±»ÎÛȾ¶¼½øÐÐÇåÏ´×÷Òµ£¬²¢½øÐÐÔÙÀûÓõIJ»ºÏÀíÇéÐΡ£
ÁíÍ⣬×÷Ϊ¼ìÑ鹤¾ß£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓöԲÐÁôÎïµÄÑÕÉ«ÓëͬÑùÎïÖʵĹ涨ÑÕÉ«½øÐбȽϺó£¬ÔÙ¶ÔÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϵŤ¾ß£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÀûÓÃʯÈïÊÔÖ½µÈ¼ì²â²ÐÁôÎïµÄpHÖµºó£¬¶ÔÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϵŤ¾ß¡£
ÈçȨÀûÒªÇó2ËùÊöµÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÊÇÔÚȨÀûÒªÇó1ËùÊöµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÖУ¬ÉÏÊöµÄ¼ìÑ鹤¾ß¾ßÓÐÓÃÓÚ¸½×ÅÉÏÊö²ÐÁôÎïµÄµÚÒ»×°Öúͱíʾ×÷ΪÉÏÊöÅжϵĻù×¼µÄ»ù׼ɫµÄµÚ¶þ×°Öã»ÔÚÉÏÊöµÚÒ»²½ÖèÖУ¬°ÑÉÏÊö²ÐÁôÎ︽×ÅÔÚÉÏÊöµÚÒ»×°ÖÃÉÏ£»ÔÚÉÏÊöµÚ¶þ²½ÖèÖУ¬±È½ÏÉÏÊöµÚÒ»×°ÖÃÉϵÄÑÕÉ«ÓëÉÏÊöµÚ¶þ×°ÖÃÉϵĻù׼ɫ£¬²¢½øÐÐÉÏÊöÅжϡ£
ÕâÀÓÉÓÚÔÚ¼ìÑ鹤¾ßÖÐÉèÖÃÁ˱íʾ×÷ΪÅжϻù×¼µÄ»ù׼ɫµÄµÚ¶þ×°Öã¬Òò´Ë¾ÍÄܽèÖúÓÚ¸½×ÅÁ˲ÐÁôÎïµÄ¼ìÑ鹤¾ßµÄµÚÒ»×°ÖõÄÑÕÉ«ÓëµÚ¶þ×°ÖõĻù׼ɫ½øÐбȽϣ¬·Ç³£ÈÝÒ׵ضÔʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϡ£
ÁíÍ⣬¼ìÑ鹤¾ßµÄµÚÒ»×°Öú͵ڶþ×°ÖÿÉÒÔÊÇ·Ö¿ªµÄ×°Öã¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ°ÑÁ½Õß×ö³ÉÒ»¸öÕûÌå¡£
ȨÀûÒªÇó3ÖеÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÊÇÔÚȨÀûÒªÇó2ËùÊöµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÖУ¬Æä¼ìÑ鹤¾ßµÄµÚ¶þ×°ÖÃÄܱíʾ¶àÖÖ»ù׼ɫ¡£
ÕâÀÓÉÓÚµÚ¶þ×°ÖÃÊDZíʾ¶àÖÖÑÕÉ«µÄ×°Ö㬲»½öÄܹ»ÅжÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÄÜ·ñÔÙÀûÓ㬻òÕßÅжÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÊÇ·ñΪÁËÔÙÀûÓöøÐèÒª½øÐÐÇåÏ´£¬¶øÇÒ»¹Äܼòµ¥Ò×ÐеضÔÕâÁ½·½Ãæ¶¼½øÐÐÅжϡ£´ËÍ⣬»¹ÄܶÔʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓõĿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÆäËûµÄÅжϡ£¸ü½øÒ»²½£¬»¹ÄÜÉ趨ΪȷÈÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÄܹ»ÔÙÀûÓÃËùÓõĻù׼ɫ¡£
ȨÀûÒªÇó4ÖеÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÊÇÔÚȨÀûÒªÇó3ÖмÇÔØµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÖУ¬Æä¼ìÑ鹤¾ßµÄµÚ¶þ×°ÖñíʾÕý³£ÑÕÉ«ºÍÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«¡£ËùνÕý³£ÑÕÉ«ÊÇÀûÓÃʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀʱ²»ÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄÑÕÉ«¡£ËùνÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«ÊÇÀûÓÃʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀʱ´¦ÓÚÐèÒª½øÐÐÇåÏ´µÄÁÙ½ç״̬µÄÑÕÉ«¡£
ÕâÀµ±¸½ÓÐÔÓÖʵĵÚÒ»×°ÖõÄÑÕÉ«ÓëÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«Ïà±È½ÏÊÇÁ¼ºÃÑÕɫʱ£¬½øÒ»²½ÔÙ½«µÚÒ»×°ÖõÄÑÕÉ«ÓëÕý³£ÑÕÉ«½øÐбȽϣ¬¾ÍÄܸü¼Ó·ÅÐĵز»¶ÔʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ½øÐÐÇåÏ´¶ø¼ÓÒÔÀûÓÃÁË¡£
ȨÀûÒªÇó5ÖеÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÊÇÔÚȨÀûÒªÇó3ËùÊöµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÖУ¬Æä¼ìÑ鹤¾ßµÄµÚ¶þ×°ÖÃÄܱíʾµÚÒ»ÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«ºÍµÚ¶þÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«¡£ËùνµÚÒ»ÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«ÊÇ×÷ΪÅжÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù×¼µÄÑÕÉ«¡£ËùνµÚ¶þÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«ÊÇ×÷ΪÅжÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÄÜ·ñʹÓõĻù×¼µÄÑÕÉ«¡£
ÕâÀ½èÖúÓڰѵÚÒ»×°ÖõÄÑÕÉ«ÓëµÚ¶þ×°ÖõĵÚÒ»ÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«½øÐеıȽϣ¬¾ÍÄܹ»ÅжÏÔÚÀûÓÃʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀʱ£¬ÊÇ·ñÐèÒª½øÐÐÇåÏ´×÷Òµ¡£´ËÍ⣬½èÖúÓڰѵÚÒ»×°ÖõÄÑÕÉ«ÓëµÚ¶þ×°ÖõĵڶþÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«½øÐбȽϣ¬¾ÍÄܹ»ÅжÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ±¾ÉíÊÇ·ñÄܹ»ÔÙÀûÓ᣼´£¬ÔÚÕâÀͨ¹ý½«µÚÒ»×°ÖõÄÑÕÉ«ÓëµÚ¶þ×°ÖõĵڶþÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«½øÐбȽϣ¬¾ÍÄܹ»ÅжÏÊÇ·ñÐèÒª·ÏÆúʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ£¬¶ÔÆä½øÐиü»»¡£
ȨÀûÒªÇó6ÖеļìÑ鹤¾ßÊÇÔÚȨÀûÒªÇó2µ½5µÄÈκÎÒ»ÏîȨÀûÒªÇóÖÐËùÊöµÄÅжÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐԵķ½·¨ÖÐʹÓõļìÑ鹤¾ß£¬ÆäÖеÄÉÏÊöµÚÒ»×°ÖÃÓëÉÏÊöµÚ¶þ×°Öû¥Ïà¿¿½ü²¼Ö㬲¢×ö³ÉÒ»¸öÕûÌå¡£
ÔÚÕâÖÖ¼ìÑ鹤¾ßÖУ¬ÓÉÓÚµÚÒ»×°ÖÃÓëµÚ¶þ×°Öû¥Ïà¿¿½ü²¼Öã¬Òò´Ëͨ¹ý°ÑµÚÒ»×°ÖõÄÑÕÉ«ÓëµÚ¶þ×°ÖõÄÑÕÉ«½øÐбȽϣ¬¾ÍÄÜÈÝÒ׵ضÔʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓõĿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϡ£
ȨÀûÒªÇó7ÖеÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÊÇÔÚȨÀûÒªÇó1ËùÊöµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÖУ¬Æä¼ìÑ鹤¾ßÊÇÀûÓÃËá»òÕß¼îʹÑÕÉ«±ä»¯µÄpH·ÖÎö¹¤¾ß¡£¶øÇÒ£¬ÔÚµÚÒ»²½ÖèÖУ¬½«²ÐÁôÎ︽×ÅÔÚpH·ÖÎö¹¤¾ßÉÏ¡£ÔÚµÚ¶þ²½ÖèÖУ¬¸ù¾ÝpH·ÖÎö¹¤¾ßµÄÑÕÉ«ÍÆ¶Ï²ÐÁôÎïµÄ¶ñ»¯³Ì¶È£¬¶ÔʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÊÇ·ñÄܹ»ÔÙÀûÓõĿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϡ£
ÔÚÕâÀÓÉÓÚ¼ìÑ鹤¾ßÊÇpH·ÖÎö¹¤¾ß£¬µ±Ê¹ÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÄÚ²¿µÄ²ÐÁôÎïÖвúÉúËáºÍ¼îʱ£¬¾ÍÄܹ»ºÜÈÝÒ׵ظù¾ÝpH·ÖÎö¹¤¾ßµÄÑÕÉ«ÅжÏËáºÍ¼îµÄ³Ì¶È¡£È»ºó£¬¸ù¾ÝËáºÍ¼îµÄ³Ì¶È£¬¹»ÍƶÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÄÚ²¿²ÐÁôÎïµÄ¶ñ»¯³Ì¶È¡£ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÈç´ËÍÆ¶ÏµÄ²ÐÁôÎïµÄ¶ñ»¯³Ì¶È£¬ÄܶÔʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓõĿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϡ£
ͼ1ÊÇ×÷ΪÔÙÀûÓõÄÅж϶ÔÏóµÄ°üº¬ÖÂÀä¼ÁÁ¬½Ó¹ÜµÀµÄ¿Õµ÷»úµÄÖÂÀä¼Á»ØÂ·Í¼£»Í¼2ÊǼìÑéÖ½µÄÆ½ÃæÍ¼£»Í¼3ÊÇÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±íµÄÆ½ÃæÍ¼¡£
¾ßÌåʵʩÀý·½Ê½
ͼ1±íʾ¾ßÓÐÊÒÍâ»ú10ºÍÊÒÄÚ»ú11µÄ¿Õµ÷»úµÄÖÂÀä¼Á»ØÂ·Í¼¡£ËÄͨ»»Ïò·§2µÄÒ»´Î½ø³ö¿ÚÓëѹËõ»ú1µÄÅųö¿ÚºÍÎüÈë¿ÚÁªÍ¨¡£´ËÍ⣬ËÄͨ»»Ïò·§2µÄ¶þ´Î½ø³ö¿ÚÔòÒÀ´ÎÓëÊÒÍâÈȽ»»»Æ÷3¡¢ÅòÕÍ·§4£¬ÒÔ¼°ÊÒÄÚÈȽ»»»Æ÷5ÁªÍ¨¡£´ËÍ⣬ÔÚÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»ØÂ·ÉÏÉèÓÐÒºÌ彨ֹ·§6ºÍÆøÌ彨ֹ·§7¡£
ÔÚÊÒÍâ»ú10ÓëÊÒÄÚ»ú11Ö®¼ä£¬ÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁÁ¬½Ó¹ÜµÀ9Á¬½ÓÆðÀ´¡£ÔÚ¹«Ô¢¡¢´óÂ¥ºÍÓÐÖÐÑë¿Õµ÷ϵͳµÄסլÖУ¬ÉÏÊö¹ÜµÀ9¶¼ÂñÉèÔÚǽ±ÚºÍ¶¥ÅïÄÚ²¿¡£
Ŀǰ£¬ÕâÖÖ×°ÉèÔÚ´óÂ¥µÈ½¨ÖþÎïÀïµÄ¿Õµ÷»ú´ó¶àʹÓÃHCFC 22×÷ΪÖÂÀä¼Á¡£µ±Òª°ÑʹÓÃHFCÀàÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ¿Õµ÷»úÌæ»»ÕâЩ¿Õµ÷»úʱ£¬Èç¹ûʹÓÃÏÂÃæËù˵µÄ°´ÕÕ±¾·¢Ã÷µÄʵʩÀýµÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔ²»±Ø½øÐÐͽÀ͵ÄÇåÏ´×÷Òµ£¬²¢ÇÒ»¹ÄܼõÉÙ·ÑÓá£
<¹ØÓÚÏÖÓйܵÀÔÙÀûÓÃʱÊÇ·ñÐèÒª½øÐÐÇåÏ´×÷ÒµµÄÅжϷ½·¨>
ÔÚ²ðµôÏÖÓеĿյ÷»úʱ£¬Ê×ÏÈ£¬½èÖúÓÚ³éÎüÔËÐз½Ê½µÈ°ÑÒºÌåÖÂÀä¼ÁÊÕ¼¯µ½ÊÒÍâÈȽ»»»Æ÷3ÖС£ÕâÑù£¬ËäÈ»ÄܰÑÏÖÓйܵÀ9ÄÚµÄÖÂÀä¼ÁºÍÀä¶³»úÓͳýµô£¬µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔڹܵÀ9µÄÄÚ±íÃæÉÏ£¬ÖÁÉÙ»¹¸½×ÅÁËһЩ²ÐÁôµÄº¬ÓÐÎÛȾÎïÖʵIJÐÓÍ¡£
ÕâÖÖ²ÐÓ͵ÄÎÛȾ³Ì¶È£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃͼ2ÖÐËùʾµÄ¼ì²â¿¨30½øÐмòµ¥µÄ¼ì²âÀ´ÅжÏÊÇ·ñÐèҪΪÏÖÓйܵÀ9µÄÔÙÀûÓýøÐÐÇåÏ´×÷Òµ¡£
¼ì²â¿¨30ÊdzߴçÏñÃûƬÄÇÑù´óСµÄСÐ͹¤¾ß£¬ËüÄÜÔÚÉèÖÃÏÖÓйܵÀ9µÄÏÖ³¡Ê¹Óá£ÕâÖÖ¼ì²â¿¨30ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ°ÑÏÂÁи÷²¿·Ö×ö³ÉÒ»¸öÕûÌåµÄÖ½ÕűíʾÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫµÄµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31£»±íʾÕý³£ÓÍÑÕÉ«µÄµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32£»ÎªÊ¹²ÐÓ͸½×ÅÓõIJÉÑù²¿·Ö33£»ÒÔ¼°±íʾ¹ØÓÚʹÓÃ˵Ã÷µÄ˵Ã÷²¿·Ö34¡£µÚÒ»²¿·Ö31ÉϵÄÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫÊÇÔÚ´òËãÔÙÀûÓùܵÀ9ʱ£¬×÷ΪÅжÏÊÇ·ñÐèÒª¶Ô¹ÜµÀ9½øÐÐÇåÏ´µÄ»ù×¼µÄÑÕÉ«£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÓë»ù׼ɫÏà±È£¬Èç¹û²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕɫŨ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÅжÏÐèÒªÇåÏ´£¬Èç¹û²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕɫdz£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÅжϲ»ÐèÒªÇåÏ´¡£µÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32ÉϵÄÕý³£ÓÍÑÕÉ«±íʾ¹ÜµÀ9²»½øÐÐÇåÏ´´¦Àí¾ÍÄÜÔÙÀûÓõIJÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«¡£Òò´Ë£¬Èç¹û²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«±ÈµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31µÄÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫ¸ü½Ó½üµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32µÄÕý³£ÓÍÑÕÉ«£¬ÄÇô¾Í¿ÉÒÔÅжϣ¬¹ÜµÀ9²»¾¹ýÇåÏ´¾ÍÄÜÔÙÀûÓá£ÉÏÊöµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31ºÍµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32²¼Öóɻ¥Ïà½ô°¤×Å£¬²¢ÇÒ·Ö±ðÓë²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÏàÁÚ¡£
¼ì²â¿¨30µÄ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÊÇÓÃÍÑÖ¬ÃÞ»òÕß²¼×ö³ÉµÄ£¬ÀýÈ磬ʹÓÃÕßÖ»ÒªÓüì²â¿¨30²ÁÊùܵÀ9µÄÄÚ±íÃæ£¬¾ÍÄÜʹ¹ÜµÀ9ÉϵIJÐÓ͸½×ÅÔÚËüÉÏÃæ¡£°Ñ¸½×ÅÔÚ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉϵIJÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«ÓëµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31µÄÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫ±È½Ï£¬¾ÍÄܹ»ÅжÏÔÙÀûÓùܵÀ9ʱ£¬ÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´¡£
ÔÚ²ðµôÏÖÓеĿյ÷»úµÄÊÒÍâ»ú10ºÍÊÒÄÚ»ú11ʱ£¬Èç¹ûÔÚÏÖ³¡ÄÃ×ÅÕâÖÖ¼ì²â¿¨30£¬¾ÍÄܷܺ½±ãµØÅжÏÏÖÓеÄÖÂÀä¼ÁÁ¬½Ó¹ÜµÀ9ÊÇ·ñÄÜÔÙÀûÓá£Ê¹ÓÃÕßÊ×ÏÈÈüì²â¿¨30µÄ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33Óë¹ÜµÀ9µÄÄÚ±íÃæ½Ó´¥£¬Ê¹¹ÜµÀ9ÄڵIJÐÓ͸½×ÅÔÚ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉÏ¡£È»ºó£¬½«¸½×ÅÔÚ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉϵIJÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«ÓëµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31ÉϵÄÊÇ·ñÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫºÍµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32ÉϵÄÕý³£ÓÍÑÕÉ«½øÐбȽϡ£Èç¹û²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉϲÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«±ÈµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31µÄÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫ¸ü¼Ó½Ó½üµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32µÄÕý³£ÓÍÑÕÉ«£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÅжÏΪÔÙÀûÓùܵÀ9ʱ²»ÐèÒªÇåÏ´£»Èç¹û²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉϲÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«±ÈµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31µÄÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫ¸üŨ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÅжÏÔÙÀûÓùܵÀ9ʱ¹ÜµÀÐèÒªÇåÏ´¡£
ÁíÍ⣬¼ì²â¿¨30ÉϵĵÚÒ»²¿·Ö31µÄÊÇ·ñÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫºÍµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32ÉϵÄÕý³£ÓÍÑÕÉ«ÊǸù¾ÝËù»ýÀ۵ĴóÁ¿ÏÖÓйܵÀÄڵIJÐÓ͵ÄÊý¾Ýºó²ÅÈ·¶¨µÄ¡£Ê¹ÓÃÕâÖÖ¼ì²â¿¨30£¬ÄÜÒԺܸߵľ«¶ÈÕýÈ·µØÅжÏÔÚÔÙÀûÓÃÏÖÓйܵÀʱÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´¹ÜµÀ¡£
<ʹÓñ¾ÊµÊ©ÀýµÄÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´×÷ÒµµÄÅжϷ½·¨µÄÓŵã>
(1)ÒÔÍù£¬ÓÉÓÚÔÚÈ·ÈÏÏÖÓйܵÀµÄÎÛȾ³Ì¶Èʱ£¬ÒªºÄ·ÑºÜ¶àʱ¼äºÍ´óÁ¿µÄ·ÑÓã¬ËùÒԾͲ»½øÐÐÕâÖÖÈ·ÈÏÎÛȾ³Ì¶ÈµÄ×÷Òµ£¬¶ø²ÉÈ¡ÎÞÌõ¼þµØ¶ÔÏÖÓйܵÀ¶¼½øÐÐÇåÏ´ºóÔÙÀûÓõķ½·¨¡£
Óë´ËÏà·´£¬²ÉÓñ¾ÊµÊ©ÀýÖеÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬½èÖúÓÚÄÜÔÚÉèÖÃÏÖÓйܵÀ9µÄÏÖ³¡Ê¹ÓõļòÒ׵ļì²â¿¨30£¬¾ÍÄÜ·½±ãµØÒԺܸߵľ«È·¶Èµ±³¡ÅжÏÊÇ·ñÐèÒª¶ÔÔÙÀûÓõÄÖÂÀä¼ÁÁ¬½Ó¹ÜµÀ9½øÐÐÇåÏ´×÷Òµ¡£
¶øÇÒ£¬Ê¹Óüì²â¿¨30¶ÔÏÖÓеÄÖÂÀä¼ÁÁ¬½Ó¹ÜµÀ9½øÐмì²â£¬µ±ÏÖÓйܵÀ9ÄڵIJÐÓÍÎÛȾ²»ÑÏÖØ¡¢²»ÐèÒªÇåϴʱ£¬²»µ«Ê¡ÂÔÁ˹ܵÀµÄÇåÏ´×÷Òµ£¬»¹ÄܽµµÍÔÙÀûÓùܵÀ9ʱµÄ³É±¾¡£
(2)ÔÚ±¾ÊµÊ©ÀýÖУ¬ÔÚ¼ì²â¿¨30ÉϳýÁËÉèÓбíʾÅжϹܵÀÊÇ·ñÒªÇåÏ´ÓõĻù׼ɫµÄµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31Ö®Í⣬»¹ÔÚ¼ì²â¿¨30ÉÏÉèÖÃÁ˱íʾÕý³£ÓÍÑÕÉ«µÄµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32¡£Òò´Ë£¬¼ì²â¿¨30µÄʹÓÃÕßÔÚÓÃÑÛÈ·Èϸ½×ÅÔÚ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉϵIJÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«±ÈµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31µÄÊÇ·ñÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫ¸üdzºó£¬¿ÉÒÔÅжϲ»ÐèÒª¶Ô¹ÜµÀ½øÐÐÇåÏ´£¬Í¬Ê±¸ù¾ÝÓÃÑÛÈ·Èϸ½×ÅÔÚ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉϵIJÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«£¬±ÈµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31µÄÊÇ·ñÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫ¸ü¼Ó½Ó½üµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32ÉϵÄÕý³£ÓÍÑÕÉ«£¬¿ÉÒÔ¸ü¼Ó׼ȷµØÅжϹܵÀȷʵ²»ÐèÒªÇåÏ´¡£
(3)ÓÉÓÚÔÚ¼ì²â¿¨30ÉϰѵÚÒ»²¿·Ö31ºÍµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32ÒÔ¼°²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33²¼ÖÃÔÚ»¥Ïà½Ó½üµÄλÖÃÉÏ£¬ËùÒÔÈÝÒ×½øÐÐÓÃÄ¿²â±È½ÏÊÇ·ñÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫºÍÕý³£Ó͵ÄÑÕÉ«ÒÔ¼°¸½×ÅÔÚ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉϵIJÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«µÄ×÷Òµ¡£
ÁíÍ⣬ÔÚÏÖÓеĿյ÷»úÉÏʹÓõÄÀä¶³»úÓ͵ÄÖÖÀàËäÈ»ÓÐһЩ²î±ð£¬µ«Ò»°ã˵À´£¬µÚÒ»²¿·Ö31ÉϵÄÊÇ·ñÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫΪ½Ó½üºìÉ«µÄÉÔ΢´øÒ»µãºÚÉ«µÄ³ÈÉ«£¬µÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32ÉϵÄÕý³£Ó͵ÄÑÕɫΪ½Ó½ü͸Ã÷µÄÉÔ΢´øÒ»µãºìÉ«µÄ»ÆÉ«¡£
<ÏÖÓйܵÀÄڵIJÐÓÍ´¦ÓÚ¼«¶ËÎÛȾµÄÇé¿ö>
½èÖúÓÚÉÏÊö¼ì²â¿¨30£¬¸ù¾Ý¸½×ÅÔÚ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉϵIJÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«£¬¾ÍÄܶԹܵÀÇåÏ´×÷ÒµµÄ±ØÒªÐÔ×÷³öÅжϡ£Èç¹û²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«±ÈµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31µÄÊÇ·ñÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫÉÔ΢ŨһЩ£¬¼ì²â¿¨30µÄʹÓÃÕß¾ÍÄܾö¶¨°ÑÏÖÓйܵÀ9ÇåÏ´ºó¾Í¿ÉÒÔÔÙÀûÓá£
¿ÉÊÇ£¬Èç¹ûÈÏΪ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33Éϸ½×ŵIJÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«·Ç³£Å¨£¬²ÐÓ͵Ķñ»¯ºÜÑÏÖØÊ±£¬¾ÍҪʹÓÃͼ3ÖÐËùʾµÄÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40£¬¶Ô¹ÜµÀ9ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÔÙÀûÓû¹ÊDZØÐ뱨·Ï½øÐÐÅжϡ£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬ÔÚ¼ì²â¿¨30ÒÔÍâÔÙ×¼±¸Ò»ÕÅÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40£¬Ê¹ÓÃÕâÁ½ÖÖ¹¤¾ß£¬²ÅÄܶÔÏÖÓеÄÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ9µÄÔÙÀûÓýøÐÐÅжϡ£
ͼ3ÖеÄÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40ÊÇÓ¡ÓÐASTM(ÃÀ¹ú±ê×¼²âÊÔ·½·¨AmericaStandard Test Method)µÄÑÕÉ«·ûºÅµÄ±í¡£ÔÚ¡°1¡±¡«¡°8¡±µÄÑÕÉ«·ûºÅÉÏ·½£¬ÁгöÁËÑÕÉ«±íʾ²¿·Ö41¡«48¡£ÑÕÉ«±íʾ²¿·Ö41ÖÐËù±íʾµÄÑÕÉ«ÊÇdz»ÆÉ«£¬Ëæ×ÅÑÕÉ«·ûºÅºÅÂëµÄÔö´ó£¬ºìÉ«Öð½¥Ôö¼Ó£¬ÑÕÉ«±íʾ²¿·Ö44ÖÐËù±íʾµÄÑÕÉ«ÊdzÈÉ«¡£´ËÍ⣬µ±ÑÕÉ«·ûºÅµÄºÅÂë½øÒ»²½Ôö´óʱ£¬ÔÚºìÉ«ÉÏÓÖÔö¼ÓÁ˺ÚÉ«¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚÑÕÉ«±íʾ²¿·Ö48ÉÏËù±íʾµÄÑÕÉ«¾Í³ÉÁ˺ìºÚÉ«¡£ÁíÍ⣬ÔÚ¼ì²â¿¨30µÄµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31ÉϵÄÊÇ·ñÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫÓëÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40ÉϵÄÑÕÉ«±íʾ²¿·Ö44ÉÏËùʾµÄÑÕÉ«Ï൱¡£
¶Ô¹ÜµÀ9µÄÔÙÀûÓýøÐмì²âµÄÈËÔ±ÔÚ²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«ÓëÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40ÉϵÄÑÕÉ«·ûºÅ1¡«3µÄÑÕÉ«Ï൱µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÅжϣ¬¹ÜµÀ9²»±ØÇåÏ´¾Í¿ÉÒÔÔÙÀûÓã»ÔÚ²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«ÓëÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40ÉϵÄÑÕÉ«·ûºÅ4¡«8µÄÑÕÉ«Ï൱µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÅжϣ¬¶Ô¹ÜµÀ½øÐÐÇåÏ´Ö®ºó£¬¹ÜµÀ9¾Í¿ÉÒÔÔÙÀûÓã»ÔÚ²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«±ÈÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40ÉϵÄÑÕÉ«·ûºÅ8µÄÑÕÉ«»¹ÒªÅ¨µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÅжϹܵÀ9²»ÄÜÔÙÀûÓÃÁË¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬Èç¹ûÈÏΪ¸½×ÅÔÚ¼ì²â¿¨30µÄ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉϵIJÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«·Ç³£Å¨£¬²¢ÇÒ²ÐÓ͵Ķñ»¯ºÜÑÏÖØµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¶Ô²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«ÓëÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40ÉϵÄÑÕÉ«±íʾ²¿·Ö48µÄÑÕÉ«½øÐбȽϣ¬Èç¹û²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«±ÈÑÕÉ«±íʾ²¿·Ö48µÄÑÕÉ«(ASTMÑÕÉ«·ûºÅ8µÄÑÕÉ«)»¹ÒªÅ¨£¬¾ÍÒª¾ö¶¨±¨·ÏÏÖÓеĹܵÀ9£¬ÆÌÉèеÄÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ¡£ÕâÊÇÒòΪµ±²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«±ÈÑÕÉ«±íʾ²¿·Ö48µÄÑÕÉ«(ASTMÑÕÉ«·ûºÅ8µÄÑÕÉ«)»¹ÒªÅ¨£¬²¢ÇÒ³ÉΪ½Ó½üºÚÉ«µÄÑÕɫʱ£¬²ÐÓÍÖкÚÉ«µÄÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÊÇÓÉÏÖÓпյ÷»úµÄѹËõ»úÖеϬ¶¯²¿¼þµÈÈ󻬲»Á¼¶øÐγÉÄ¥ËðºóµÄ·Ûĩ֮À࣬¼´Ê¹ÇåÏ´ÁËѹËõ»ú¡¢ÖÂÀä¼ÁϵͳµÄ²¿¼þºÍÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ£¬Ò²´ó¶¼²»ÄܳýµôÕâЩ¸½×ÅÎï(ÔÓÖÊ)¡£
<ÏÖÓпյ÷»úµÄѹËõ»ú²»ÄÜÔËתµÄÇé¿ö>
ÔÚÒÔǰ£¬¼´Ê¹ÔÚѹËõ»úÒѲ»ÄÜÔËתµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Èç¹û»¹²»ÊÇÌ«¾É£¬Ò²Òª½«ÏÖÓеÄÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÇåÏ´Ö®ºóÔÙÀûÓá£
¿ÉÊÇ£¬ÓÉÓÚÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄй©£¬¹ÜµÀÄÚµÄζÈÉÏÉý£¬Ñ¹Ëõ»úµÄÂí´ï±»ÉÕ»ÙµÈÇé¿ö»áʹ¹ÜµÀÄÚ²¿Ñõ»¯µÄΣÏÕÐÔÔö´ó£¬¼´Ê¹ÇåÏ´£¬Ò²²»ÄÜÕý³£Ê¹ÓÃÏÖÓеÄÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ¡£
Õë¶ÔÕâÖÖÇé¿ö£¬ÏñÒÔÉÏËùÊöµÄÄÇÑùʹÓÃÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40À´¼ìÑé²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«ÊǺÜÓÐЧµÄ¡£ÒòΪ£¬µ±¹ÜµÀ9ÄÚ²¿±»Ñõ»¯Ê±£¬²ÐÓ͵ÄÑÕɫһ¶¨»á±äµÃ±ÈASTMÑÕÉ«·ûºÅ8µÄÑÕÉ«»¹ÒªºÚ¡£
ÕâÑù£¬Èç¹û²ÉȡʹÓÃÉÏÊö¼ì²â¿¨30ºÍÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40µÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬Ôò²»¹ÜÊÇ·ñµ½ÁËѹËõ»ú1µÄÂí´ï±»ÉÕ»Ù¡¢¹ÜµÀ9ÄÚ²¿Ñõ»¯µÃ¼´Ê¹¶Ô¹ÜµÀ½øÐÐÇåÏ´Ò²²»ÄܼÌÐøÊ¹Óõij̶ȣ¬ÈÔÈ»½øÐÐÇåÏ´×÷Òµ£¬²¢ÇÒ¶ÔÏÖÓеĹܵÀ9ÔÙÀûÓõIJ»Êʵ±µÄ×ö·¨Äܹ»µÃµ½¿ØÖÆ¡£
<±äÐÍʵʩÀý>
(A)»¹¿¼ÂÇÁË´úÌæ¼ì²â¿¨30ºÍÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40£¬Ê¹ÓÃÒòËá»ò¼î¶øÑÕÉ«·¢Éú±ä»¯µÄʯÈïÊÔÖ½£¬¶ÔÏÖÓйܵÀ9µÄÄÜ·ñÔÙÀûÓýøÐÐÅжϡ£ÓÉÓÚʹÓÃʯÈïÊÔÖ½Ö®ÀàµÄpH·ÖÎö¹¤¾ß£¬ÄÜÁ˽â¹ÜµÀ9ÄÚ²¿²ÐÓ͵ÄÕûÌåËáÖµ£¬ËùÒÔÄÜÒÔ´ËΪ»ù×¼£¬¶Ô¹ÜµÀ9ÔÙÀûÓõĿÉÄÜÐÔºÍÔÙÀûÓÃʱÊÇ·ñÒª¶Ô¹ÜµÀ½øÐÐÇåÏ´½øÐÐÅжϡ£ÌرðÊÇ£¬µ±Ê¹ÓÃʯÈïÊÔÖ½Ö®ÀàµÄpH·ÖÎö¹¤¾ßʱ£¬Äܹ»ºÜ·½±ãµØÒԺܸߵľ«¶ÈÅжϹܵÀ9Ñõ»¯µÄ¶ñ»¯³Ì¶È(²úÉú·úËá¡¢ÒÏËá¡¢ÑÎËáµÈµÈ)¡£
´ËÍ⣬×îºÃÓÃÕâÖÖʹÓÃʯÈïÊÔÖ½Ö®ÀàµÄpH·ÖÎö¹¤¾ß¶Ô¹ÜµÀ9µÄÔÙÀûÓõÄÅжϣ¬¶ÔÓüì²â¿¨30ºÍÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40Ëù×÷µÄÅжϽøÐв¹³ä¡£´Ëʱ£¬¶Ô²ÐÓ͵Ķñ»¯³Ì¶È½øÐÐÁËË«ÖØ¼ìÑ飬¶Ô¹ÜµÀ9µÄÔÙÀûÓõÄÅжϾ͸ü¼ÓÕýÈ·ÁË¡£
(B)ÉÏÊöʵʩÀýÖеļì²â¿¨30ºÍÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40£¬¿ÉÒÔÔڶԹܵÀ9ÇåÏ´Ö®ºó£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¼ìÑé¹ÜµÀ9µÄÇå½à³Ì¶ÈÊÇ·ñÒѾ´ïµ½¹æ¶¨±ê×¼µÄ¼ì²éÖÐʹÓᣵ±°ÑÅжÏΪ¿ÉÒÔÔÙÀûÓõĹܵÀ9Ï´¾»Ö®ºó£¬ÔÙʹÓüì²â¿¨30µÈÈ·ÈϹܵÀ9ÄÚ²¿µÄÎÛȾ³Ì¶È£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¸ü¼Ó·ÅÐĵØÊ¹ÓÃеĿյ÷»úÁË¡£
(C)ÔÚÉÏÊö¼ì²â¿¨30ÖÐÉèÖÃÁ˱íʾÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫµÄµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31ºÍ±íʾÕý³£ÓÍÑÕÉ«µÄµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32£¬µ«£¬³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬»ò»¹¿ÉÒÔ¿¼ÂÇÔÚ¼ì²â¿¨30ÉÏÉèÖñíʾÊÇ·ñÐèÒª±¨·ÏµÄ»ù׼ɫµÄµÚÈý²¿·Ö´úÌæµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32¡£ÊÇ·ñÐèÒª±¨·ÏµÄ»ù׼ɫÊÇÏ൱ÓÚÓëµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31µÄÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫÏà±È¸ü¼Ó¶ñ»¯µÄÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«£¬ËüÊÇΪÁ˼ø¶¨¹ÜµÀ9ÄÚ²ÐÁôµÄÓÍÊÇ·ñÒѾ¶ñ»¯µ½¼´Ê¹ÇåÏ´Á˹ܵÀÒ²²»ÄÜʹÓ㬻¹ÊǽøÐÐÁËÇåÏ´´¦ÀíÖ®ºóÄܹ»ÔÙÀûÓùܵÀ9µÄ»ù׼ɫ¡£¾ßÌåµÄ˵£¬ÊÇ·ñÐèÒª±¨·ÏµÄ»ù׼ɫÊǽӽüÓÚÉÏÊöÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40ÖеÄÑÕÉ«±íʾ²¿·Ö48µÄÑÕÉ«(ASTMÑÕÉ«·ûºÅ8µÄÑÕÉ«)¡£
ÕâÑù£¬Èç¹ûʹÓñíʾÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫºÍÊÇ·ñÐèÒª±¨·ÏµÄ»ù׼ɫÕâÁ½ÖÖ»ù׼ɫµÄ¼ì²â¿¨£¬¼´Ê¹²»Ê¹ÓÃÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40£¬Ò²Äܹ»ÅжϹܵÀ9ÊÇ·ñ±ØÐ뱨·Ï¡£¼´£¬Èç¹û·¢ÏÖ¸½×ÅÔÚ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉϵĹܵÀ9ÄڵIJÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«±ÈÊÇ·ñÐèÒª±¨·ÏµÄ»ù׼ɫºÅ»¹ÒªÅ¨£¬ÔòʹÓÃÕâÖÖ¼ì²â¿¨µÄʹÓÃÕß¾ÍÄÜÅжϼ´Ê¹ÇåÏ´Á˹ܵÀ9ÕâÖֹܵÀÈÔÈ»²»ÄÜʹÓ㬶ø±ØÐ뱨·Ï£»Èç¹û¸½×ÅÔÚ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33ÉϵIJÐÓ͵ÄÑÕÉ«±ÈÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù׼ɫŨ£¬¶øÇÒÓÖ±ÈÊÇ·ñÐèÒª±¨·ÏµÄ»ù׼ɫdz£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÅжϹܵÀ9ÔÚÇåÏ´Ö®ºóÄܹ»ÔÙÀûÓá£
(D)ÉÏÊö¼ì²â¿¨30ÖУ¬°ÑµÚÒ»²¿·Ö31ºÍµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32ÒÔ¼°²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33×ö³ÉÁËÒ»¸öÕûÌ壬µ«ÊÇÒ²¿ÉÒ԰ѵÚÒ»²¿·Ö31ºÍµÚ¶þ²¿·Ö32ÒÔ¼°²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33¸÷×Ô×ö³ÉÒ»ÖÖ¹¤¾ßÀ´Ê¹Óá£
´ËÍ⣬Ҳ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÏ൱ÓÚ²ÉÑù²¿·Ö33µÄÃÞ»¨¹÷ºÍ²¼µÈºÍÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40Ò»ÆðʹÓã¬ÓÃÕâЩ¹¤¾ßÀ´ÅжϹܵÀ9ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÒÔÔÙÀûÓá£
(E)ʹÓüì²â¿¨30ºÍÑÕÉ«Ñù±¾±í40£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔ¶Ô±»²ðµôµÄÏÖÓпյ÷»úÊÇ·ñÄÜÔÙÉúÀûÓúÍÖØÐÂʹÓýøÐÐÅжϡ£Èç¹û²ðµôµÄ¿Õµ÷»úµÄ¹ÜµÀ²¿·ÖÖеIJÐÓÍÒѾÑÏÖØÑõ»¯£¬ÔòÒ»°ãÇé¿öÏÂÏÖÓеĿյ÷»úµÄ²¿¼þÍêÈ«²»ÄÜÔÙÉúÀûÓã¬Èç¹û²ÐÓ͵ÄÎÛȾ³Ì¶ÈС£¬ÔòÓÐʱ³ýÁËѹËõ»úÖ®ÍâµÄÆäËû²¿¼þ»¹ÄÜÔÙÀûÓá£
Èç¹ûʹÓñ¾·¢Ã÷ËùÉæ¼°µÄÈȽ»»»Æ÷µ¥Ôª£¬¾ÍÄÜÓüìÑ鹤¾ß½èÖúÓÚÑÕÉ«£¬¼òµ¥·½±ãµØÅжÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÔÙÀûÓõĿÉÄÜÐÔ£¬±ÜÃâÁ˶ÔʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÄÚ²¿µÄÎÛȾ²¢²»ÑÏÖØ£¬²»ÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄÇé¿öϽøÐÐͽÀ͵ÄÇåÏ´×÷Òµ£¬Ò²±ÜÃâÁ˲»¹ÜÊÇÇåÏ´ÁËÒ²²»ÄÜʹÓõÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÄÚ²¿Òѱ»ÎÛȾ£¬ÈÔȻҪ½øÐÐÇåÏ´×÷Òµ²¢½øÐÐÔÙÀûÓõIJ»ºÏÀíÇéÐΡ£
ȨÀûÒªÇó
1.Ò»ÖÖʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬ËüÊǶÔʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷(10¡¢11)»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ(9)µÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϵķ½·¨£¬°üÀ¨µÚÒ»²½Ö裬°Ñ²ÐÁôÔÚÉÏÊöʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷(10¡¢11)»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ(9)µÄÄÚ²¿ÖеIJÐÁôÎ︽×ÅÔÚ¼ìÑ鹤¾ß(30)ÉÏ£»µÚ¶þ²½Ö裬¸ù¾Ý¸½×ÅÁËÉÏÊö²ÐÁôÎïµÄ¼ìÑ鹤¾ß(30)µÄÑÕÉ«£¬¶ÔÉÏÊöʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷(10¡¢11)»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ(9)µÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϡ£
2.ÈçȨÀûÒªÇó1ËùÊöµÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬ÆäÌØÕ÷ÔÚÓÚ£¬ÉÏÊö¼ìÑ鹤¾ß(30)¾ßÓÐÓÃÓÚ¸½×ÅÉÏÊö²ÐÁôÎïµÄµÚÒ»×°ÖÃ(33)ºÍ±íʾ×÷ΪÉÏÊöÅжϵĻù×¼µÄ»ù׼ɫµÄµÚ¶þ×°ÖÃ(31¡¢32)£»ÔÚÉÏÊöµÚÒ»²½ÖèÖУ¬°ÑÉÏÊö²ÐÁôÎ︽×ÅÔÚÉÏÊöµÚÒ»×°ÖÃ(33)ÉÏ£»ÔÚÉÏÊöµÚ¶þ²½ÖèÖУ¬±È½ÏÉÏÊöµÚÒ»×°ÖÃ(33)µÄÑÕÉ«ÓëÉÏÊöµÚ¶þ×°ÖÃ(31¡¢32)µÄ»ù׼ɫ£¬²¢½øÐÐÉÏÊöÅжϡ£
3.ÈçȨÀûÒªÇó2ËùÊöµÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬ÆäÌØÕ÷ÔÚÓÚ£¬ÉÏÊö¼ìÑ鹤¾ß(30)µÄµÚ¶þ×°ÖÃ(31¡¢32)±íʾ¶àÖÖ»ù׼ɫ¡£
4.ÈçȨÀûÒªÇó3ËùÊöµÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬ÆäÌØÕ÷ÔÚÓÚ£¬ÉÏÊö¼ìÑ鹤¾ß(30)µÄµÚ¶þ×°ÖÃ(31¡¢32)±íʾÁ½ÖÖÑÕÉ«£¬¼´£¬ÀûÓÃÉÏÊöʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷(10¡¢11)»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ(9)ʱ²»ÐèÒª½øÐÐÇåÏ´´¦ÀíµÄÕý³£ÑÕÉ«£¬ºÍÀûÓÃÉÏÊöʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷(10¡¢11)»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ(9)ʱ´¦ÓÚÐèÒª½øÐÐÇåÏ´´¦ÀíµÄÁÙ½ç״̬µÄÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«¡£
5.ÈçȨÀûÒªÇó3ËùÊöµÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬ÆäÌØÕ÷ÔÚÓÚ£¬ÉÏÊö¼ìÑ鹤¾ßµÄµÚ¶þ×°ÖñíʾÁ½ÖÖÑÕÉ«£¬¼´£¬×÷ΪÅжÏÉÏÊöʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷(10¡¢11)»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ(9)ÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÇåÏ´µÄ»ù×¼µÄµÚÒ»ÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«£¬ºÍ×÷ΪÅжÏʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷(10¡¢11)»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ(9)ÄÜ·ñʹÓõĻù×¼µÄµÚ¶þÁÙ½çÑÕÉ«¡£
6.Ò»ÖÖȨÀûÒªÇó2ÖÁ5ÖеÄÈÎÒ»ÏîËùÊöµÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷(10¡¢11)»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ(9)ÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÖÐʹÓõÄËùÊö¼ìÑ鹤¾ß(30)£¬ÆäÖÐÉÏÊöµÚÒ»×°ÖÃ(33)ÓëÉÏÊöµÚ¶þ×°ÖÃ(31¡¢32)»¥Ïà¿¿½ü²¼Ö㬲¢×ö³ÉÒ»¸öÕûÌå¡£
7.ÈçȨÀûÒªÇó1ËùÊöµÄʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬ÆäÌØÕ÷ÔÚÓÚ£¬ÉÏÊö¼ìÑ鹤¾ßÊÇÀûÓÃËá»òÕß¼îʹÑÕÉ«±ä»¯µÄpH·ÖÎö¹¤¾ß£»ÔÚÉÏÊöµÚÒ»²½ÖèÖУ¬½«ÉÏÊö²ÐÁôÎ︽×ÅÔÚÉÏÊöpH·ÖÎö¹¤¾ßÉÏ£»ÔÚÉÏÊöµÚ¶þ²½ÖèÖУ¬¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊöpH·ÖÎö¹¤¾ßµÄÑÕÉ«ÍÆ¶ÏÉÏÊö²ÐÁôÎïµÄ¶ñ»¯³Ì¶È£¬²¢½øÐÐÉÏÊöÅжϡ£
È«ÎÄÕªÒª
±¾·¢Ã÷ÌṩһÖÖΪÁËÔÙÀûÓÃʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀ£¬¶ÔʹÓÃÖÆÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐмòÒ×µÄÅжϷ½·¨¡£ÕâÖÖʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔµÄÅжϷ½·¨ÊǶÔʹÓÃÖÆÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄÔÙÀûÓÿÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϵÄÅжϷ½·¨£¬°üÀ¨µÚÒ»²½ÖèºÍµÚ¶þ²½Öè¡£ÔÚµÚÒ»²½ÖèÖУ¬°Ñ²ÐÁôÔÚʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀÄÚ²¿µÄ²ÐÁôÎ︽×ÅÔÚ¼ìÑ鹤¾ß(30)ÉÏ£»ÔÚµÚ¶þ²½ÖèÖУ¬¸ù¾Ý¸½×ÅÁ˲ÐÁôÎïµÄ¼ìÑ鹤¾ß(30)µÄÑÕÉ«£¬¶ÔÔÙÀûÓÃÉÏÊöʹÓÃÖÂÀä¼ÁµÄ»úÆ÷»òÖÂÀä¼Á¹ÜµÀµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ½øÐÐÅжϡ£
Îĵµ±àºÅG01N35/00GK1617999SQ0380232
¹«¿ªÈÕ2005Äê5ÔÂ18ÈÕ ÉêÇëÈÕÆÚ2003Äê2ÔÂ5ÈÕ ÓÅÏÈȨÈÕ2002Äê2ÔÂ8ÈÕ
·¢Ã÷Õ߯½Á¼·±ÖÎ ÉêÇëÈË:´ó½ð¹¤ÒµÖêʽ»áÉç